What are fibroids?

Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that develop in the muscle tissue of the uterus. They can vary in size, number, and location, and are often classified as intramural, subserosal, or submucosal. Many women with fibroids may not experience symptoms, but when they do occur, they can include heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure symptoms.

What causes fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is not well understood, but several factors may contribute to their development. These include hormonal influences, particularly estrogen and progesterone, as well as genetic predisposition and other growth factors. Certain risk factors, such as obesity, early onset of menstruation, and family history, may also play a role.

Why should I get them treated?

Treatment for fibroids may be necessary if they cause significant symptoms or affect your quality of life. Untreated fibroids can lead to complications such as anemia from heavy bleeding or, in some cases, fertility issues. Seeking treatment can alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.

What is uterine fibroid embolization?

Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat fibroids by blocking the blood supply to them. This is achieved by injecting small particles into the uterine arteries, causing the fibroids to shrink and the associated symptoms to diminish. UFE is often performed by an interventional radiologist. Watch a video of the procedure here.

How is this different from surgery?

UFE differs from traditional surgical options, such as myomectomy or hysterectomy, in that it is less invasive and typically involves a shorter recovery time. While surgery requires a larger incision and carries more risks, UFE is performed through a small catheter with a tiny incision and generally results in less pain and quicker return to daily activities.

Is the procedure painful and what will my recovery be like?

Most patients experience mild to moderate discomfort during the UFE procedure, often managed with sedation and pain relief. Recovery usually involves a short hospital stay, with many patients returning home the same day. Most people can resume normal activities within a few days, although some may experience mild cramping and fatigue for a week or two.

Is this a new procedure?

Uterine fibroid embolization is not a new procedure; it has been performed since the late 1990s. Over the years, it has gained acceptance as an effective treatment option for fibroids, supported by a growing body of clinical research and patient outcomes. In fact, our OBGYN colleagues often consult us to do this procedure right before surgery to minimize bleeding or right after surgery due to uncontrolled bleeding.

What are my alternatives?

Alternatives to uterine fibroid embolization include medication, such as hormonal treatments to manage symptoms, as well as surgical options like myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). The best option depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of fibroids, and individual patient preferences. We work closely with our OBGYN colleagues and you to determine what the best treatment for you is.

Is there scientific evidence available?

Yes, there is a substantial body of scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of uterine fibroid embolization. Numerous studies have shown significant symptom relief and improvements in quality of life for patients undergoing the procedure, making it a recognized treatment option in the management of fibroids.

What are the risks and potential complications?

While uterine fibroid embolization is generally considered safe, it carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, and the possibility of adverse reactions to the contrast dye used during the procedure. Other potential complications may include post-embolization syndrome, characterized by pain and flu-like symptoms, which typically resolve within a few days.

Additional risks include:

• Injury to the artery < 1%

• Infection or vaginal expulsion of fibroid < 1%

• Pain requiring readmission to manage 1-2 %