Are image-guided procedures different from ‘keyhole’ surgery?

Yes, image-guided procedures conducted by Interventional Radiologists are even less invasive than keyhole surgery. They utilize advanced imaging techniques to guide instruments precisely, minimizing tissue damage.

How are image-guided procedures different from surgery?

Unlike keyhole or open surgeries, which involve making larger incisions in the abdomen, image-guided procedures typically use a single access point that is 4mm or smaller. This results in significantly shorter recovery times and less postoperative discomfort.

What is an angiogram or venogram?

An angiogram is an imaging procedure that uses X-rays to visualize blood vessels. A plastic sheath is inserted into an artery or vein, allowing specialized catheters to be directed to specific blood vessels. A contrast dye is then injected, enabling Interventional Radiologists to assess for narrowed or diseased arteries, identify sources of bleeding, or determine blood supply to tumors. Findings from the angiogram can guide further treatment options.

What is embolization?

Embolization is a technique that involves injecting specific materials through a catheter to occlude a blood vessel or group of vessels. Initially, an angiogram is performed to identify the target area, followed by the embolization procedure under imaging guidance. Materials used for embolization include coils, gelfoam, microparticles, and liquid embolics, each chosen based on the specific clinical need.

How do balloons work?

Balloons are inflatable devices introduced into narrowed blood vessels or other hollow structures within the body. They start in a deflated state and are inflated to widen the narrowed area. Balloons are designed to maintain high pressures and specific shapes, ensuring effective dilation.

What are stents?

Stents are supportive structures used to keep tubular passages, such as blood vessels or bile ducts, open. They are typically made from metals like stainless steel or specialized alloys, ensuring they retain their shape over time. Some stents may be coated with materials to seal off bleeding vessels from within, and most cannot be easily removed once placed.

What type of equipment do you use?

Procedures typically start with the insertion of a plastic sheath into a major vessel, like the femoral artery, through a small incision. This sheath allows for the introduction of wires and catheters that guide the Interventional Radiologist to the treatment site. The wires come in various designs, which help navigate the vascular system, while catheters are shaped tubes that can be maneuvered over the wires to reach the target area.